After having read part 10, Ron, I am surprised you'd cite it the way you did. Shaviv made the statement that a .5 degree centigrade difference was not significant, which was not only incorrect but neglects the cumulative effects over time. He also agrees that CO2 does help warm the Earth, and he supports a reduction in fossil fuel use for other reasons (pollution). It is a mystery why he does not like Kyoto, which does at least try to reduce fossil fuel use. Little data was presented in this brief survey article, but I don't see the mechanism by which cosmic rays are supposed to affect Earth's temperature--do you, or did you just like what you read and assumed it must be true? Finally, Shaviv does just what Shad and you do: blame the rise of Earth's temperatures on everything else to minimize the impetus to reduce CO2 emissions. He even disagrees with you on the desirability of reducing these emissions.